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| footnotes = Source: Passenger and Aircraft Movements from ACI〔(2012 Passenger Traffic (Preliminary) )〕 Cargo from Angkara Pura II Airports Company }} Soekarno–Hatta International Airport ((インドネシア語:Bandar Udara Internasional Soekarno–Hatta)) , abbreviated SHIA〔(Bandara Soekarno-Hatta Raih Dua Penghargaan )〕 or ''Soetta'',〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Singkatan Bandara Soetta Lecehkan Proklamator )〕 is the main airport serving the greater Jakarta area on the world's most populous island of Java, Indonesia, along with Halim Perdanakusuma Airport. The airport is named after the first president of Indonesia, Soekarno,〔Which is the correct spelling, while "Sukarno" is the spelling used by Western authors.〕 and the first vice-president, Mohammad Hatta. The airport's IATA code, CGK, originates from Cengkareng, a district northwest of the city, and it is often called Cengkareng Airport by Indonesians, though the airport administratively located within Benda District, Kota Tangerang. Although it primarily serves Jakarta, it is located about west of the capital city, in Tangerang in the neighboring province of Banten. Soekarno–Hatta Airport began operations in 1985, replacing the former Kemayoran Airport (for domestic flights) in Central Jakarta, and Halim Perdanakusuma International Airport in East Jakarta.〔"(Soekarno–Hatta must be expanded to meet passenger demand )." ''The Jakarta Post''. Wednesday 1 September 2010. Retrieved on 16 September 2010. "In this August, 2010 file photo passengers crowd the domestic terminal at Soekarno–Hatta International Airport in Tangerang, Banten." and "Starting operation in 1985, Soekarno–Hatta airport replaced Kemayoran airport in Central Jakarta and Halim Perdanakusuma airport in East Jakarta"〕 Kemayoran Airport has since been made into public areas. Halim Perdanakusuma is still operating, serving hajj flight, VVIP, charters and military flights and since January 2014 is reactivated for domestic schedule commercial flights to ease Cengkareng Airport. Terminal 2 opened in 1991 and Terminal 3 opened in 2009. In 2010, total passengers reached 43.7 million, surpassing the 38-million-passenger capacity of all 3 terminals.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=IATA sees strong growth in Indonesia )〕 In 2012, the airport was the 9th busiest airport in the world with 57.8 million passengers, a 12.1% increase over 2011.〔 In May 2014, it became the 8th busiest airport in the world with 62.1 million passengers.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=More Flights for Soekarno–Hatta Airport )〕 As of 2014, it is also the busiest airport in the Southern Hemisphere. The Jakarta-Singapore route is the world's fifteenth busiest passenger air route. Although the airport is running over capacity, on May 4, 2012, after verification from April 23 to May 3, the Airport Council International (ACI) stated that Soekarno–Hatta International Airport is clearly being operated safely.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=ACI: Soekarno-Hatta Aman dan Laik Operasi )〕 To overcome the overcapacity, on August 2, 2012, ground was broken at terminal 3 to make it into an Aerotropolis airport which can serve 62 million passengers per year, expected to be finished by 2015.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Yudhoyono leads ground breaking ceremony in Soekarno–Hatta Airport )〕 A third, , runway is planned for construction in 2015, costing 4 trillion rupiah,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Govt to spend Rp 4t on land for Soekarno-Hatta’s third runway )〕 and can serve 430,000 aircraft traffic in 2018, when it is fully operational. The fourth runway is planned to operate in 2024 to accommodate 550,000 aircraft traffic in 2025.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Angkasa Pura Adds Third Runway in Soekarno-Hatta Airport )〕 Unfortunately, runway pavement issues that have been circling around since 2013 has never been fixed since, which have led Garuda Indonesia to require stopovers in Singapore on long flights to Europe. Also, the airport has many times pushed back the opening of Terminal 3 Ultimate, from 2014 to 2016, which has caused slot issues and congestion, and now the airport wants to limit the aircraft movement at peak times, down from 72 take offs per hour to 64, however airlines are trying to block the decision and instead raise the aircraft movements up to 84 aircraft per hour. ==History== Used between 1928 and 1985, Kemayoran Airfield was considered unsatisfactory because it was too close to the major Halim Perdanakusuma Indonesian military airport. The civil airspace in the area became increasingly restricted, while air traffic increased rapidly, posing problems for international air traffic. In 1969, a senior communication officers meeting in Bangkok expressed these concerns. In the early 1970s, with the help of USAID, eight potential locations were analyzed for a new international airport, namely Kemayoran, Malaka, Babakan, Jonggol, Halim, Curug, South Tangerang and North Tangerang. Finally, the North Tangerang site was chosen; it was also noted that Jonggol could be used as an alternative airfield. Meanwhile, as an interim step, the Indonesian government upgraded the Halim Perdanakusumah airfield for use for passenger services. The old Kemayoran site was closed in 1985, and the land was later used for commercial and housing purposes.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Jakarta.go.id • Kemayoran Tower - News )〕 Between 1974 and 1975, a Canadian consultant/consortium, consisting of Aviation Planning Services Ltd., ACRESS International Ltd., and Searle Wilbee Rowland (SWR), won a bid for the new airport feasibility project. The feasibility study started on 20 February 1974, with a total cost of 1 million Canadian dollars. The one-year project proceeded with an Indonesian partner represented by PT Konavi. By the end of March 1975, the study revealed a plan to build three inline runways, three international terminal buildings, three domestic buildings and one building for Hajj flights. Three stores for the domestic terminals would be built between 1975 and 1981 at a cost of US$465 million and one domestic terminal including an apron from 1982–1985 at a cost of US$126 million. A new terminal project, named the Jakarta International Airport Cengkareng, began.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Real State in Asia )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Soekarno–Hatta International Airport」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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